HOW THE THERAPIST’S COVERT RESPONSES CAN HINDER OR AID CLINICAL CASE MANAGEMENT

Authors

  • Alessandra Villas Bôas CECONTE
  • Luc Marcel Adhemar Vandenberghe Universidade Católica de Goiás

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31505/rbtcc.v27i1.1995

Keywords:

Reperório psicoterapico, comportamento incoberto, manejo clínico, terapia comportamental

Abstract

Should the feelings and thoughts that clients evoke in psychotherapists during the session be considered? The purpose of this text is to elucidate the usefulness of observing the psychotherapist's covert responses. This topic is addressed in this conceptual didactic article based on clinical experience and pertinent literature. Three ways of using the covert behaviors are presented and illustrated. The feelings and thoughts elicited and evoked by clients in the therapist, can clarify the client’s interpersonal and social difficulties. Understanding the variables that control these therapist responses can help the decision making that guides treatment. Covert therapist responses can also pinpoint difficulties of the therapist, that can be overcome to enable new directions for treatment. Finally, sharing the therapist’s feelings with the client can benefit the treatment process. To work with his or her private events in practice can be a challenging to the therapist, demanding a discriminative repertoire that is both rule-governed (theoretical understanding) and contingency shaped (resulting from experiential training).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Almeida, M. S., Runnacles, A. L. S., & Silveira, J. M. (2016). Treino de comportamentos de intimidade para terapeutas em processo de formação em psicoterapia analítica funcional. Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento, 7(2), 212-228. https://doi.org/10.18761/pac.2016.020

Ascanio-Velasco, L., Ferro-García, R., & Rodríguez-Bocanegra, M. (2020). Mejorando una relación terapéutica hostil con la psicoterapia analítica funcional. Análisis y modificación de conducta, 46, 67-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/amc.v46i173-4.4676

Cunha, O. R., & Vandenberghe, L. (2019). Manifestações emocionais do terapeuta durante as sessões: Por que arriscar-se e quais benefícios esperar? Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 39, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703003178057

Cunha, O. R., & Vandenberghe, L. (2021). Caminhos pelos quais o terapeuta comportamental aprende dos seus clientes. Contextos Clínicos, 14, 928-945. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2021.143.09

Darwich, R. A., & Tourinho, E. Z. (2005). Respostas emocionais à luz do modo causal de seleção por consequências. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 8, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.31505/rbtcc.v7i1.46

Ferreira, A. R., & Favati, J. C., & Oshiro, C. K. B. (2021). Avaliação e formulação de caso clínico na FAP: A análise funcional orientando o processo terapêutico. In C. K. B. Oshiro, & T. A. S. Ferreira (Orgs.). Terapias contextuais comportamentais: Análise funcional e prática clínica. (pp. 46-61). Manole.

Ferster, C.B. (1972). Psychotherapy from the standpoint of a behaviorist. In J. D. Keehn (Org.), Psychopathology in animals: Research and clinical implications (pp. 279-303). Academic Press.

Fonseca, N. M. (2016). Efeitos de workshop de psicoterapia analítica funcional sobre habilidades terapêuticas (Dissertação de mestrado). Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/D.47.2016.tde-26092016-112306

Guilhardi, H. J. (2004) Terapia por Contingências de Reforçamento. Em C. N. de Abreu e H. J. Guilhardi (Orgs.). Terapia Comportamental e Cognitivo Comportamental. Práticas Clínicas (pp.3-30). Roca.

Holman, G., Kanter, J., Tsai, M., & Kohlenberg, R. (2017). Functional analytic psychotherapy made simple: A practical guide to therapeutic relationships. New Harbinger.

Kanter, J. W., Manbeck, K. E., Kuczynski, A. M., Maitland, D. M., Villas-Bôas, A., & Ortega, M. A. R. (2017). A comprehensive review of research on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 58, 141-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.010

Keng, S. L., Waddington, E., Lin, X. B., Tan, M. S. Q., Henn‐Haase, C., & Kanter, J. W. (2017). Effects of functional analytic psychotherapy therapist training on therapist factors among therapist trainees in Singapore: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(4), 1014-1027. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2064

Knott, L. E., Wetterneck, C. T., Norwood, W., & Bistricky, S. L. (2019). The impact of training in functional analytic therapy on therapists’ target behavior. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 19, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000097

Kohlenberg, R. J., & Tsai, M. (1991). Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: A guide for creating intense and curative therapeutic relationships. Plenum.

Landes, S. J., Kanter, J. W., Weeks, C. J., & Bush, A. M. (2013). The impact of the active components of functional analytic psychotherapy on idiographic target behaviors. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2, 49-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.004

Lima, C. A. & Vandenberghe, L. (2021). The couple therapist’s pain. Negative affect and the person of the therapist. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 52, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000368

Lizarazo, N. E., Muñoz-Martínez, A., Santos, M. & Kanter, J. (2015). A Within Subjects Evaluation of the Effects of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy on In-Session and Out-of-Session Client Behavior. The Psychological Record, 65, 463-474. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40732-015-0122-7

López-Bermúdez, M. Á., Ferro-García, R., Calvillo-Mazarro, M., & Valero-Aguayo, L. (2021). Importance of the therapeutic relationship: Efficacy of functional analytic psychotherapy with different problems. Clínica y Salud, 32, 103-109. https://doi.org/10.5093/clysa2020a32

Maitland, D. W., & Gaynor, S. T. (2016). Functional analytic psychotherapy compared with supportive listening: An alternating treatments design examining distinctiveness, session evaluations, and interpersonal functioning. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 16, 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000037

Maitland, D. W., Petts, R. A., Knott, L. E., Briggs, C. A., Moore, J. A., & Gaynor, S. T. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of functional analytic psychotherapy versus watchful waiting: Enhancing social connectedness and reducing anxiety and avoidance. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 16, 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000051

Muñoz-Martínez, A., & Aguilar-Cacho, R. (2022). Using functional analytic psychotherapy strategies for supporting Latinas victims of interpersonal partner violence. Papeles del Psicólogo/Psychologist Papers. 43, 74-80.

Muñoz-Martínez, A. M., Stanton, C. E., Ta, J., Molaie, A. M., & Follette, W. C. (2022). Linking process to outcome in functional analytic psychotherapy: Evaluating the behavioral mechanism of change of a process-based therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 24, 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.04.001

Muñoz-Martínez, A. M., Zuluaga-Jassir, S., & Vergara, I. (2025). Advancing Training and Supervision in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Insights from Certified Experts. [Manuscrito submetido, em avaliação]. Departamento de Psicologia. Universidad de los Andes, Colombia.

Santo, R.A.D., & Vandenberghe, L. (2015). Campo e função dos sentimentos da terapeuta na relação terapêutica. Contextos Clínicos, 8, 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2015.82.08

Silveira, J., Callaghan, G., Stradioto, A., Maeoka, B., Maurício, M., & Goulin, P. (2009). Efeitos de um treino em psicoterapia analítica funcional sobre a identificação feita pelo terapeuta de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes de seu cliente. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 11, 346-365. https://doi.org/10.31505/rbtcc.v11i2.409

Silvestre, R. L. S., & Vandenberghe, L. (2008). The therapist’s feelings. International Journal for Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4, 355-359. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100866

Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. Appleton Century Crofts

Tourinho, E. Z. (2006). Private stimuli, covert responses, and private events: Conceptual remarks. The Behavior Analyst, 29, 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392115

Tsai, M., Callaghan, G. M., Kohlenberg, R. J., Follette, W. C., & Darrow, S. M. (2009). Supervision and therapist self-development. In M. Tsai, R. J. Kohlenberg, J. W. Kanter, B. Kohlenberg, W. C. Follette, & G. M. Callaghan (Orgs.), A guide to functional analytic psychotherapy: Awareness, courage, love, and behaviorism in the therapeutic relationship. (pp. 167-198). Springer.

Tsai, M., Kohlenberg, R. J., Kanter, J. W., Holman, G. I., & Loudon, M. P. (2012). Functional analytic psychotherapy. Distinctive features. Routledge

Tsai, M., Yard, S., & Kohlenberg, R. J. (2014). Functional analytic psychotherapy: A behavioral relational approach to treatment. Psychotherapy, 51, 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036506

Vandenberghe, L., Coppede, A. M., & Bittencourt, M. V. (2018). Building and handling therapeutic closeness in the therapist-client relationship in behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 48, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-018-9388-9

Vandenberghe, L., Coppede, A. M., & Kohlenberg, R. J. (2006). Client curiosity about the therapist’s private life: Hindrance or therapeutic aid? The Behavior Therapist, 29, 41-46.

Vandenberghe, L., & Silveira, J. M. (2013). Therapist self-as-context and the curative relationship. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 43, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-012-9230-8

Vieira, M. F. J. A., & Vandenberghe, L. (2017). O self do terapeuta na terapia comportamental. In: L. E. G. Nalini (Org.), Teoria, pesquisa e aplicação em psicologia: Processos comportamentais (pp. 77-90). Apris.

Villas-Bôas, A., Meyer, S. B., & Kanter, J. W. (2016). The effects of analyses of contingencies on clinically relevant behaviors and out-of-session changes in functional analytic psychotherapy. The Psychological Record, 66, 599-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0195-y

Villas-Bôas, A., Oshiro, C. K. B., & Vartanian, J. F. (2018). Psicoterapia analítica funcional (FAP): Mudança clínica evocada e modelada pela vivência terapêutica. In: A. E. A. Antunéz & G. Safra (Orgs.). Psicologia clínica da graduação à pós-graduação. Atheneu

Weeks, C. E., Kanter, J. W., Bonow, J. T., Landes, S. J., & Busch, A. M. (2012). Translating the theoretical into practical: A logical framework of functional analytic psychotherapy interactions for research, training, and clinical purposes. Behavior Modification, 36, 87–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445511422830

Published

2025-05-06

How to Cite

Villas Bôas, A., & Vandenberghe, L. M. A. (2025). HOW THE THERAPIST’S COVERT RESPONSES CAN HINDER OR AID CLINICAL CASE MANAGEMENT. Brazilian Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 27(1), e251995. https://doi.org/10.31505/rbtcc.v27i1.1995

Issue

Section

Artigos Conceituais